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Making Constitutions: Presidents, Parties, and Institutional Choice in Latin America, by Gabriel L. Negretto
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Negretto provides the first systematic explanation of the origins of constitutional designs from an analytical, historical and comparative perspective. Based on analysis of constitutional change in Latin America from 1900 to 2008 and four detailed case studies, Negretto shows the main determinants of constitutional choice are the past performance of constitutions in providing effective and legitimate instruments of government and the strategic interests of the actors who have influence over institutional selection. The book explains how governance problems shape the general guidelines for reform, while strategic calculations and power resources affect the selection of specific alternatives of design. It emphasizes the importance of events that trigger reform and the designers' level of electoral uncertainty for understanding the relative impact of short-term partisan interests on constitution writing. Negretto's study challenges predominant theories of institutional choice and paves the way for the development of a new research agenda on institutional change.
- Sales Rank: #1565803 in eBooks
- Published on: 2013-06-17
- Released on: 2013-06-17
- Format: Kindle eBook
Review
"Gabriel Negretto challenges the traditional wisdom, largely inspired by the experiences of the United Kingdom and the United States, which conceives constitutions as stable frameworks for political action. With a focus on Latin America, he shows that constitutions can be as unstable as political parties and electoral behavior are in the region, thus making the choices of institutions endogenous to the political process. This work will be of interest to students of political institutions everywhere."
Josep Colomer, Professor, Georgetown University
"This is a terrific book. There are very few studies of institutional choice in Latin America, and fewer still grounded in both theory and careful on-the-ground research. The book shows that in unusual circumstances, when the whole political elite is threatened by widespread and sometimes violent opposition, constitution writers may cooperate across party lines to choose provisions expected to increase government efficiency and responsiveness. Most of the time, however, the partisan interests of constitution makers motivate revisions expected to help them win future elections and enact policies to benefit their supporters."
Barbara Geddes, Professor of Political Science, University of California, Los Angeles
"Despite the fact that constitutional design in Latin America has occurred all too frequently, it is poorly understood. Negretto's volume elucidates the interaction of politics and environment in producing particular constitutional designs. Combining theoretical clarity, rigorous data analysis, and close readings of important cases, this book will be the state of the art for years to come."
Tom Ginsburg, Leo Spitz Professor of International Law, University of Chicago Law School
"This book explains the choices of institutions regarding presidential and congressional powers in post-1900 Latin America. Gabriel Negretto argues that parties choose rules that they expect to work to their own advantage and hence that the relative power of parties is key to understanding institutional choice. This is the most detailed examination of institutional choice that has been undertaken in Latin American politics, and perhaps in comparative politics as a whole."
Scott Mainwaring, Eugene P. and Helen Conley Professor of Political Science, University of Notre Dame
"Making Constitutions is a seminal book that sets a new standard for empirical legal scholars and for the political scientists concerned with institutional design. It is part of an emerging trend of scholarly work seeking to predict the content of constitutional rules ... this volume will therefore serve as an exemplar for scholars interested in explaining other features of constitutional design in the years to come."
Anibal Perez-Linan, Journal of Latin American Studies
"Gabriel Negretto has produced a masterful book that helps us to understand constitutional politics in the region and beyond. Integrating quantitative analysis with a series of case studies, Negretto's innovative analysis makes this book required reading for students of constitutional design."
Political Science Quarterly
About the Author
Gabriel L. Negretto (Bah�a Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina) is Professor of Political Science at the Centro de Investigaci�n y Docencia Econ�micas (CIDE), located in Mexico City. He holds a law degree from the University of Buenos Aires, and both a Master of International Affairs with specialization in Latin American Studies and a Ph.D. in Political Science from Columbia University. Negretto has been visiting fellow and associate professor at the University of Notre Dame, Princeton University, The New School for Social Research, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, and Columbia University. He has published numerous articles on political institutions, institutional design, and constitutional change in American, European, and Latin American academic journals such as the Journal of Politics, the British Journal of Political Science, Comparative Political Studies, the Law and Society Review, Latin American Politics and Society, the Journal of Latin American Studies, Government and Opposition, and Desarrollo Econ�mico. Negretto's most recent work, other than the present book, is the Latin American Constitutional Change Database (http://la-constitutionalchange.cide.edu/home).
Most helpful customer reviews
4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
A major contribution
By A. Perez-Linan
In this book, Negretto makes an important contribution to the study of the endogenous causes of institutional design. The book develops a two-level theory to explain the adoption of constitutional rules regarding presidential election (and re-election) and presidential powers in 18 Latin American countries between 1900 and 2008. The two-level theory underscores that not only partisan interests, but also cooperative goals guide the behavior of political elites during the process of constitutional change.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
A rigorous and inspiring book
By Pablo Bal�n
In this book, Gabriel Negretto makes a valuable contribution to the study of constitutions and to the theory of institutional change.
From a theoretical point of view, Negretto’s theory sets a new standard in the literature by offering a general, deductive and consistent theory of constitutional change. Furthermore, the book contributes to a recent agenda in contemporary Political Science: the study of institutions in contexts of institutional weakness. This agenda attacks a usual assumption among students of formal institutions, i.e., that these produce the same effects regardless of the context in which they are embedded. In a similar vein, the author demonstrates that, in contexts of institutional weakness, those institutions that are reputed to be highly stable in institutionalized environments can –and actually happen to be– quite unstable. The argument nicely combines intuitions both from historical institutionalism and rational choice theory: Negretto shows how critical junctures shape the set of options that political actors face and, at the same time, how constitutional change is a consequence of the instrumental preferences of political actors aiming at their own political survival.
From a methodological point of view, the book exemplifies the state of the discipline by making a proficient use of the so-called mixed methods. It successfully combines quantitative analysis with rigorous, in-depth, qualitative case studies of four major instances of constitutional change: Colombia (1991), Ecuador (1998), and Argentina (1949 and 1994).
As a graduate student of Political Science I found the book most inspiring and useful, at least for two reasons. First, it showed me how solid theoretical arguments can be empirically tested in a way that tells us something about reality without falling in the temptation of intricate modelling – what Jon Elster has called “hard obscurantism”. Second, it provided nice intuitions that could be eventually applied to my own research agenda about subnational politics in Argentina. For these reasons, I strongly recommend this book to students of political institutions and, more in general, to anyone interested in Latin American politics.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
A groundbreaking research on institutional change
By Grisel
"Making Constitutions" provides a useful and comprehensive perspective on current discussions of the New Institutionalism, that everyone interested in Latin-American politics and political institutions will find appealing. Negretto goes beyond the traditional logic of New Institutionalist logic, developing better accounts of institutional origin and change by the addition of historical and contextual elements, and the adoption of an endogenous perspective of institutions.
Negretto stresses the dual nature of constitutions: as cooperative structures and as power structures, differing from authors that consider only one of the two dimensions to explain constitutional change in Latin America. Instead, Negretto offers a comprehensive model to address the institutional changes that have been studied in isolation.
As a PhD Student of Public Policy, I found this book to be very useful to understand the dynamics of institutional change from an innovative point of view, whose scope may be extended beyond the topics studied by the author; for example, to the analysis of administrative reforms, such as civil service laws, or bureaucracy controls. Similarly, the model can be useful to assess relationships between national and subnational governments.
Students who read this book will encounter a very illustrative example of the rigorous use of mixed methods technique: Negretto offers a tidy analysis of constitutional change in Latin America, profusely explaining case selection, how he builds the variables, and why he opts for a complementary strategy, in such a way that even those who are not very involved with the literature of institutional change may enjoy the reading of this book and find it appealing.
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